建站不啰嗦，上手跟我做（二十二）Docker 使用
Docker 安装
[root@localhost ~]# yum install docker
[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client:
Version: 1.13.1
API version: 1.26
Package version:
Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?
安装指定版本 docker
[root@test ~]# yum list installed | grep docker
docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.3.ce-3.el7 @docker-ce-stable
[root@test ~]# yum -y remove docker-ce.x86_64
[root@test ~]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates|sort -r
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
* updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
: manager
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-
* extras: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.1-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.0-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.9-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.8-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.7-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.6-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.5-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.4-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.3-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.2-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.14-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.1-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.13-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.12-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.11-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.10-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.0-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.9-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.8-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.7-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.6-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.5-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.4-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.3-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.2-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.1-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.0-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.3.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.2.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.1.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.0.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.09.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.09.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.06.2.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.06.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.06.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.3.ce-1.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
[root@test ~]# yum install docker-ce-17.03.3.ce-1.el7
docker 启动
[root@localhost ~]# service docker start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start docker.service
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig docker on
Note: Forwarding request to 'systemctl enable docker.service'.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker.service
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable docker.service
[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client:
Version: 1.13.1
API version: 1.26
Package version: docker-1.13.1-84.git07f3374.el7.centos.x86_64
Go version: go1.10.2
Git commit: 07f3374/1.13.1
Built: Fri Nov 30 02:48:45 2018
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Server:
Version: 1.13.1
API version: 1.26 (minimum version 1.12)
Package version: docker-1.13.1-84.git07f3374.el7.centos.x86_64
Go version: go1.10.2
Git commit: 07f3374/1.13.1
Built: Fri Nov 30 02:48:45 2018
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
配置 Docker 镜像地址
[root@localhost docker]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors":["https://registry.docker-cn.com"],
"live-restore":true
}
设置 docker 仓库
[root@localhost opt]# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
-bash: yum-config-manager: command not found
[root@localhost opt]# yum -y install yum-utils
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
[root@localhost opt]# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, subscription-manager
获取镜像到本地
[root@localhost docker]# docker pull library/hello-world
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/hello-world ...
Get https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority
library/hello-world 是 image 文件在仓库里面的位置，其中 library 是 image 文件所在的组，hello-world 是 image 文件的名字。
[root@localhost docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/hello-world latest 4ab4c602aa5e 11 months ago 1.84 kB
运行 docker 镜像
[root@localhost docker]# docker run hello-world
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
输出这段提示以后，hello world 就会停止运行，容器自动终止。有些容器不会自动终止，因为提供的是服务，比如 Mysql 镜像等。
运行交互式容器
[root@localhost opt]# docker run -i -t ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash
root@6783b17539b7:/# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
root@6783b17539b7:/# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu Nov 8 23:39:32 UTC 2018
- ubuntu:15.10** 指定要运行的镜像，Docker 首先从本地主机上查找镜像是否存在，如果不存在，Docker 就会从镜像仓库 Docker Hub 下载公共镜像。
- -t: 在新容器内指定一个伪终端或终端。
- -i: 允许你对容器内的标准输入 (STDIN) 进行交互。
通过运行 exit 命令或者使用 CTRL+D 来退出容器
root@6783b17539b7:/# exit
exit
[root@localhost opt]#
启动容器（后台模式）
[root@localhost opt]# docker run -d ubuntu:15.10 /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"
8eee47b8f771046a92710012057dd11c0f6abb321f1dc85a07df8a615ddd3634
使用 docker logs 命令，查看容器内的标准输出
[root@localhost opt]# docker logs 8eee47b8f771046a92710012057dd11c0f6abb321f1dc85a07df8a615ddd3634
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
查看当前有哪些容器正在运行
[root@localhost docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
CONTAINER ID: 容器 ID。
IMAGE: 使用的镜像。
COMMAND: 启动容器时运行的命令。
CREATED: 容器的创建时间。
STATUS: 容器状态。
状态有 7 种：
- created（已创建）
- restarting（重启中）
- running 或 Up（运行中）
- removing（迁移中）
- paused（暂停）
- exited（停止）
- dead（死亡）
PORTS: 容器的端口信息和使用的连接类型（tcp\udp）。
NAMES: 自动分配的容器名称。
查看所有容器
[root@localhost docker]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
eb736d3af742 hello-world "/hello" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago quizzical_sammet
c28a3133520f hello-world "/hello" 8 months ago Exited (0) 8 months ago goofy_minsky
1c5681baa395 hello-world "/hello" 8 months ago Exited (0) 8 months ago admiring_boyd
启动、停止、重启容器命令
启动
docker start container_name/container_id
[root@localhost docker]# docker start 1c5681baa395
1c5681baa395
停止
docker stop container_name/container_id
[root@localhost docker]# docker stop 1c5681baa395
1c5681baa395
重启
docker restart container_name/container_id
[root@localhost docker]# docker restart 1c5681baa395
1c5681baa395
[root@localhost docker]# docker restart admiring_boyd
admiring_boyd
后台启动一个容器后，如果想进入到这个容器，可以使用 attach 命令
docker attach container_name/container_id
[root@localhost docker]# docker attach 1c5681baa395
进入运行中的容器
使用docker exec命令可以进入正在运行的容器。语法如下：
docker exec -it <container_name> bash
其中，<container_name>是需要进入的容器的名称或 ID。
这个命令的含义是以交互式的方式（-i和-t参数）进入 Docker 容器，并在容器中打开 Bash shell。
例如，要进入名为mycontainer的容器，可以执行以下命令：
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 3fa2ca80c7e5 bash
root@3fa2ca80c7e5:/#
进入容器后，就可以在其中执行命令和操作文件系统，就好像在一台独立的计算机中一样。要退出容器，只需要使用exit命令即可。
docker exec -u root -it 3fa2ca80c7e5 sh
删除容器的命令
docker rm container_name/container_id
[root@localhost docker]# docker rm 1c5681baa395
1c5681baa395
删除所有停止的容器
[root@localhost docker]# docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
eb736d3af742
c28a3133520f
查看当前系统 Docker 信息
[root@localhost docker]# docker info
Containers: 0
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 1
Server Version: 1.13.1
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: journald
Cgroup Driver: systemd
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: docker-runc runc
Default Runtime: docker-runc
Init Binary: /usr/libexec/docker/docker-init-current
containerd version: (expected: aa8187dbd3b7ad67d8e5e3a15115d3eef43a7ed1)
runc version: 5eda6f6fd0c2884c2c8e78a6e7119e8d0ecedb77 (expected: 9df8b306d01f59d3a8029be411de015b7304dd8f)
init version: fec3683b971d9c3ef73f284f176672c44b448662 (expected: 949e6facb77383876aeff8a6944dde66b3089574)
Security Options:
seccomp
WARNING: You're not using the default seccomp profile
Profile: /etc/docker/seccomp.json
selinux
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
Number of Docker Hooks: 3
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 1.795 GiB
Name: localhost.localdomain
ID: H3RD:3ODC:BTWP:HKP2:U64Z:VKJK:TN7W:AEGY:DA7H:QONN:5YR4:TE6S
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
https://registry.docker-cn.com
Live Restore Enabled: true
Registries: docker.io (secure)
从 Docker hub 上下载某个镜像:
[root@localhost docker]# docker pull centos:latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/centos ...
查找 Docker Hub 上的 nginx 镜像
[root@localhost docker]# docker search nginx
删除镜像
如果镜像在被容器使用，只能强制删除或者先删除使用镜像的容器后再删除。
[root@localhost docker]# docker rmi docker.io/hello-world
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "docker.io/hello-world" (must force) - container 1c5681baa395 is using its referenced image 4ab4c602aa5e
root@localhost docker]# docker rmi docker.io/hello-world
Untagged: docker.io/hello-world:latest
Untagged: docker.io/hello-world@sha256:0add3ace90ecb4adbf7777e9aacf18357296e799f81cabc9fde470971e499788
Deleted: sha256:4ab4c602aa5eed5528a6620ff18a1dc4faef0e1ab3a5eddeddb410714478c67f
Deleted: sha256:428c97da766c4c13b19088a471de6b622b038f3ae8efa10ec5a37d6d31a2df0b
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